1. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 北京 100044； 2.中国科学院大学，地球科学学院，北京 100049；3. 中国科学院，生物演化与环境卓越创新中心， 北京 100044； 4. 卧龙岗大学，地球与环境科学学院，卧龙岗 NSW 2522

摘要：本文分析并测定了从 15 个位于黄土高原北部的遗址中浮选的炭化植物遗存的年代及数量，讨论了该地区新石器 - 青铜时代农业结构的变化、发展及自适应。研究表明，该地区粟的占比随着遗址年代的推移呈现出上升趋势，证明了先民的农业技术随时间变化而发展；受季风降水特征影响，东南部灌丛草原区粟的占比随时间变化上升趋势明显，西北部干草原区则变化较弱，证明环境的差异也造成了农业模式的不同；在干旱气候条件限制下，自中全新世以来黄土高原北部地区的主要作物始终为粟和黍，粟作农业奠定了黄土高原乃至中国北方的文明基础。 

关键词：农业起源；环境适应；全新世；人类适应；气候变化

Evolution and bioenvironmental adaptation of Neolithic and Bronze age agriculture in the North Chinese Loess Plateau 

BAO Yige1,2，LI Xiaoqiang1,2，LIU Hanbin1，ZHAO Keliang1,2，John DODSON3，SHEN Hui1,2，ZHANG Guilin1,2，WANG Jian1,2，ZHOU Xinying1,2* 

1. State Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; 2. College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; 4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia 

Abstract: On basis of the carbonization results and quantitative statistics of seed remains from 15 sites, we discuss and infers the agriculture development and adaptation in the northern part of the Loess Plateau during the Neolithic-Bronze Age. The proportion changes of foxtail millet in this area show an upward trend with the passage of the ruins, which proves that the agricultural technology developed with a time change. Influenced by the characteristics of monsoon precipitation, the proportion of foxtail millet in the southeastern shrub grassland area had an obvious upward trend with the change of time while the change was weak in the dryland area, which proves that the difference of environment also caused the difference of agricultural patterns. Limited by dry climate conditions, the main crops in the northern part of the Loess Plateau have been foxtail millet and common millet since the Middle Holocene, which laid a civilized foundation for millet agriculture in the Loess Plateau and even in northern China. 

Keywords: Agricultural origin; Environmental adaptation; Holocene; Human adaptation; Climate change